国务院发布“人工智能+”行动意见：六大领域八大支撑，全面解读国家AI战略蓝图

The deep integration of artificial intelligence with all sectors of the economy is no longer a distant vision of the future, but a rapidly unfolding national initiative. Recently, the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Implementation of the “AI+” Initiative (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), providing a comprehensive action guide for China to seize the historical opportunity of the AI revolution and cultivate new quality productive forces.

人工智能与千行百业的深度融合不再只是未来图景，而是正在迅速展开的国家行动。近期国务院印发《关于深入实施“人工智能+”行动的意见》（以下简称《意见》），为我国抓住人工智能革命历史机遇、培育新质生产力指以人工智能等前沿技术驱动，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，代表生产力发展新方向的先进生产力形态。提供了全面的行动指南。

战略意义：为何在此时推出“人工智能+”行动？

The timing of the Opinions is strategic. Academician E Weinan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences stated, "The deep integration of artificial intelligence and scientific research is breeding an unprecedented technological revolution." The issuance of the Opinions aims to firmly grasp the initiative and establish a new AI-based paradigm for scientific research and development.

中国科学院院士鄂维南表示：“人工智能与科学研究的深度融合，正在孕育一场前所未有的科技革命。”此次出台的《意见》，正是为了牢牢掌握主动权，率先建立基于AI的新型科研和研发范式。

Wang Yiming, Vice Chairman of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, highlighted China's foundational advantages: "China's advantage in data resource scale continues to expand, with total data production reaching 41.06 zettabytes (ZB) in 2024, a year-on-year increase of 25%." He noted that these advantages provide a solid foundation for the "AI+" initiative.

中国国际经济交流中心副理事长王一鸣说：“我国数据资源规模优势持续扩大，2024年数据生产总量达41.06泽字节（ZB），同比增长25%。”他表示，这些优势为“人工智能+”行动提供了坚实基础。

Xu Qiang, Director of the National Information Center, interpreted the significance of the Opinions from the perspective of advancing Chinese modernization. He pointed out that the essence of "AI+" is "intelligence emergence," which greatly expands and enhances the boundaries of human cognition, labor capabilities, and decision-making levels. This will help drive revolutionary leaps in productivity and profound changes in production relations.

国家信息中心主任徐强从推进中国式现代化角度解读了《意见》的意义：“人工智能+”的本质是“智能涌现”，是对人类认知边界、劳动能力、决策水平的极大拓展提升，将有助于推动生产力革命性跃迁和生产关系深刻性变革。

六大领域：人工智能如何赋能千行百业？

The Opinions delineate six key action areas, constructing a panoramic view of "AI+" applications.

《意见》明确了六大重点行动领域，构建了“人工智能+”的全景图。

1. “人工智能+”科学技术 (AI + Science and Technology)

AI is transforming the paradigm of scientific research, shifting from the traditional "observation-hypothesis-verification" model to a precision science model characterized by data and computing power drive.

AI正在改变科学研究范式，从“观察-假设-验证”的传统模式转向以数据和算力驱动为特征的精准科学模式。

Academician E Weinan explained, "The essence of AI for Science指利用人工智能技术解决传统方法难以攻克的重大科学难题，推动科学研究范式从“观察-假设-验证”转向数据与算力驱动的精准科学模式。 is to solve major scientific problems that were previously unsolvable through artificial intelligence." He cited the breakthrough progress in protein structure prediction—a "century-old challenge" in life sciences—achieved through AI technology.

鄂维南表示：“AI for Science指利用人工智能技术解决传统方法难以攻克的重大科学难题，推动科学研究范式从“观察-假设-验证”转向数据与算力驱动的精准科学模式。的本质是通过人工智能解决过去无法解决的重大科学难题。”他举例说，蛋白质结构预测这一生命科学领域的“世纪难题”正是通过AI技术取得了突破性进展。

2. “人工智能+”产业发展 (AI + Industrial Development)

AI is propelling the intelligent transition of the three major sectors of the national economy. Academician Zheng Nanning of the Chinese Academy of Engineering noted, "AI+ is becoming an important engine for industrial transformation and upgrading, not only improving the quality and efficiency of traditional industries but also injecting strong momentum into new quality productive forces."

人工智能正在推动国民经济三大产业向智能化跃迁。中国工程院院士郑南宁指出：“AI+正在成为产业转型升级的重要引擎，不仅推动传统产业提质增效，更为新质生产力指以人工智能等前沿技术驱动，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，代表生产力发展新方向的先进生产力形态。注入强劲动能。”

3. “人工智能+”消费提质 (AI + Consumption Upgrade)

AI is leading the rapid evolution of smart consumer products and service formats. From AI smartphones and wearable devices to smart homes and connected vehicles, AI technology is deeply embedded in various terminals, enabling more personalized and intelligent interactive scenarios.

人工智能正在引领智能消费产品和服务形态的快速演进，从人工智能手机、可穿戴设备到智能家居、智能网联汽车，AI技术已深度嵌入各类终端，带来更加个性化和智能化的交互场景。

4. “人工智能+”民生福祉 (AI + People's Livelihood and Well-being)

AI permeates various fields such as education, healthcare, and employment, effectively enhancing the quality of life. Academician Zheng Nanning stated, "By improving public services like employment, education, healthcare, elderly care, and transportation through intelligent supply, we can tangibly enhance people's sense of gain, happiness, and security."

人工智能渗透到教育、医疗、就业等各领域，有效提升生活品质。郑南宁表示：“通过智能化供给改善就业、教育、医疗、养老、出行等公共服务，可以切实增强人民群众获得感、幸福感和安全感。”

5. “人工智能+”治理能力 (AI + Governance Capacity)

AI is advancing the reshaping of the national governance system and operational mechanisms. At the three levels of social governance, security governance, and ecological governance, AI continuously drives profound changes in governance tools and structures.

人工智能正推进国家治理体系与运行机制重塑。在社会治理、安全治理和生态治理三个层面，AI不断推动治理工具与架构的深度变革。

6. “人工智能+”全球合作 (AI + Global Cooperation)

China actively advocates for "collaboratively promoting global AI development and governance," upholding the value concept of "human-centeredness and beneficial intelligence," and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

我国积极倡导“协同推进全球人工智能发展与治理”，秉持“以人为本、智能向善”的价值理念，推动构建人类命运共同体。

基础支撑：如何筑牢“人工智能+”发展根基？

The Opinions propose eight foundational support measures covering computing power, data, talent, and security.

《意见》从算力、数据、人才、安全等方面提出了八大基础支撑措施。

科研基础设施 (Scientific Research Infrastructure): This is the primary task. Academician E Weinan analogized, "Just as highways are to the modern economy and society, intelligent scientific research infrastructure is the 'foundation' for the development of AI for Science指利用人工智能技术解决传统方法难以攻克的重大科学难题，推动科学研究范式从“观察-假设-验证”转向数据与算力驱动的精准科学模式。." China has made initial progress in this area, with platforms like the Bohrium Space Station rapidly becoming favored tools for researchers.

科研基础设施建设是首要任务。鄂维南比喻道：“正如高速公路之于现代经济社会，智能化科研基础设施支撑AI for Science发展的基础平台，被比喻为AI科学发展的“底座”，类似于高速公路对经济社会的作用，例如玻尔空间站等科研平台。是AI for Science指利用人工智能技术解决传统方法难以攻克的重大科学难题，推动科学研究范式从“观察-假设-验证”转向数据与算力驱动的精准科学模式。发展的‘底座’。”近年来，我国已在科研基础设施建设方面取得初步进展，如玻尔空间站等基础科研平台正迅速成为科研工作者喜爱的工具。
数据资源 (Data Resources): Data is the "fuel" for AI. E Weinan pointed out, "The focus of scientific research is gradually shifting from 'competing on models' to 'competing on data.'" In the future, the quality and diversity of data will become the core for further breakthroughs in AI for Science指利用人工智能技术解决传统方法难以攻克的重大科学难题，推动科学研究范式从“观察-假设-验证”转向数据与算力驱动的精准科学模式。. Effectively utilizing existing data and strategically planning for incremental data will be key to success.

数据是人工智能的“燃料”。鄂维南指出：“科学研究的焦点正逐渐从‘拼模型’转向‘拼数据’。”未来，数据的质量和多样性正成为AI for Science指利用人工智能技术解决传统方法难以攻克的重大科学难题，推动科学研究范式从“观察-假设-验证”转向数据与算力驱动的精准科学模式。进一步突破的核心，如何用好存量数据、布局增量数据成为制胜的关键。
人才培养 (Talent Cultivation): Talent is the core element of AI development. Zhou Bowen, Director of the Shanghai AI Laboratory, noted, "China has advantages in cultivating and reserving young AI talent. We should give promising young talents greater freedom to施展 their capabilities and fully unleash their creativity."

人才是人工智能发展的核心要素。上海人工智能实验室主任周伯文指出：“我国在人工智能年轻人才培养和储备方面有优势，要给予有潜力的青年人才更大自由施展空间，充分发挥他们的创造力。”
安全可控 (Security and Controllability): Security is the bottom line for AI development. Academician Wu Shizhong of the Chinese Academy of Engineering emphasized that the Opinions list "adhering to security and controllability" as a basic principle, explicitly requiring efforts to prevent security risks arising from the misuse, abuse, or loss of control of AI.

安全是人工智能发展的底线。中国工程院院士吴世忠强调，《意见》将“坚持安全可控”作为基本原则之一，明确要求着力防范人工智能误用、滥用、失控引发的安全风险。

治理体系：如何应对人工智能带来的风险挑战？

AI is a double-edged sword, bringing unprecedented development opportunities alongside unprecedented risks and challenges.

人工智能如同一把“双刃剑”，既带来前所未有的发展机遇，也带来前所未有的风险挑战。

Wu Shizhong analyzed four categories of security risks:

模型的内在风险 (Intrinsic Model Risks): The "uncontrollability" stemming from technical limitations.

技术局限带来的“不可控性”。
新型的伦理挑战 (New Ethical Challenges): The "cognitive crisis" under value conflicts.

价值冲突下的“认知危机”。
衍生的应用安全风险 (Derived Application Security Risks): "New threats" in the digital space.

数字空间的“新型威胁”。
潜在的国家安全隐患 (Potential National Security Risks): The "commanding heights" of strategic competition.

战略博弈的“制高点”。

In response, the Opinions explicitly propose "accelerating the formation of a dynamic, agile, and multi-stakeholder collaborative AI governance landscape." This aims to build a strong security defense line for the healthy development of AI through institutional improvement, technological empowerment, and ecological collaboration.

针对这些风险，《意见》明确提出“加快形成动态敏捷、多元协同的人工智能治理格局”，通过制度完善、技术赋能、生态协同，为AI健康发展筑牢安全保障防线。

Wu Shizhong suggested building a "four-in-one" collaborative governance system: improving the legal and regulatory framework; constructing a security system covering natural persons, robots, digital humans, and other entities; building a comprehensive network governance system integrating "human-machine-thing"; and establishing an intelligent emergency response system based on human-machine collaboration.

吴世忠建议，构建“四位一体”协同治理体系：完善法律法规体系，构建覆盖自然人、机器人、数字人等主体的安全体系，建设“人机物”融合的网络综合治理体系，建立人机协作的智能应急体系。

实施路径：如何推动“人工智能+”行动落地见效？

Yu Xiaohui, President of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, stated, "The path for AI to empower industries aligns with the objective规律 of digital technology application, namely following the characteristic of 'breaking through first in areas with higher digitalization levels, then gradually扩散 to more industries.'"

中国信息通信研究院院长余晓晖表示：“人工智能赋能行业的路径符合数字技术应用的客观规律，即遵循‘从数字化水平较高的领域率先突破，再逐步扩散到更多行业’的推进特征。”

Zhang Yaqin, Chair Professor at Tsinghua University, and Huo Fupeng, Director of the Innovation-Driven Development Center of the National Development and Reform Commission, proposed five approaches to promote "AI+" development: adhering to forward-looking planning, strengthening systematic layout, highlighting industry-specific policies, promoting open sharing, and ensuring security and controllability.

清华大学讲席教授张亚勤和国家发展改革委创新驱动发展中心主任霍福鹏提出了推动“人工智能+”发展的五大思路：坚持前瞻谋划、强化系统布局、突出分业施策、推动开放共享和确保安全可控。

Zhou Bowen proposed three implementation suggestions:

集聚创新资源 (Agglomerate Innovation Resources): Promote the synergistic linkage and efficient sharing of要素 resources such as models, computing power, data, talent, scenarios, and capital.

集聚创新资源，推动模型、算力、数据、人才、场景、资金等要素资源的协同联动与高效共享。
开展有序试点 (Conduct Orderly Pilots): Prioritize regions and scenarios with solid technical foundations and outstanding application potential to organize and carry out "AI+" innovation pilots.

开展有序试点，优先选择技术基础扎实、应用潜力突出的地区和场景，组织开展“人工智能+”创新试点。
坚持安全可控 (Adhere to Security and Controllability): Enhance the independent capability of basic AI software/hardware and key technologies.

坚持安全可控，提升人工智能基础软硬件及关键技术的自主能力。

Xu Qiang emphasized the need to balance three sets of relationships: between top-level design and practical exploration; between an effective market and a proactive government; and between promoting development and safeguarding the bottom line. He noted, "The 'AI+' work involves wide-ranging fields, numerous participants, broad coverage, and strong impacts. There are still many未知的情况, requiring encouragement of exploration and bold practice during the application process."

徐强认为，要统筹好三组关系：顶层设计与实践探索的关系、有效市场和有为政府的关系、推动发展与守好底线的关系。“‘人工智能+’工作涉及领域宽、参与主体多、覆盖范围广、作用影响强，仍存在许多尚未可知的情况，需要在应用过程中鼓励探索、大胆实践。”

结语

The "AI+" initiative represents a historic opportunity for China to participate in the global reconstruction of productivity as a leader in technological innovation and application practice. As Xu Qiang stated, "All major historical transformations have been mass-driven. The 'AI+' initiative requires promoting the participation of every social主体 in this social transformation."

“人工智能+”行动是我国首次以技术革新和应用实践引领者身份参与全球生产力重构的历史机遇。正如徐强所说：“历次重大的历史性变革都具有群众性，‘人工智能+’行动需要推动每一个社会主体共同参与到这场社会变革。”

The issuance of the Opinions has drawn a clear blueprint and指明了 the direction for China's AI development. It requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society to协同 promote the effective implementation of policies and jointly compose a new chapter where AI empowers high-quality economic and social development.

《意见》的出台为我国人工智能发展绘制了清晰蓝图，指明了前进方向，需要社会各界共同努力，协同推动政策落地见效，共同谱写人工智能赋能经济社会高质量发展的新篇章。

Through the深入 implementation of the "AI+" action, China will accelerate the cultivation of new quality productive forces, shape new drivers and advantages for high-quality development, transform development "potential" into real "strength," and turn comparative "advantages" into strategic "victories," providing more solid and powerful support for building a strong country and national rejuvenation.

通过深入实施“人工智能+”行动，我国将加快培育新质生产力指以人工智能等前沿技术驱动，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，代表生产力发展新方向的先进生产力形态。，塑造高质量发展的新动能、新优势，把发展“潜力”转为现实“实力”、把比较“优势”化为战略“胜势”，为强国建设和民族复兴提供更加坚实有力的支撑。

The era of deep integration between AI and all sectors of the economy has arrived. This transformation will reshape our production and生活方式 and reconstruct the global innovation system and industrial landscape. The release of the Opinions marks the official and comprehensive launch of China's new "AI+" era.

人工智能与千行百业深度融合的时代已经到来，这场变革将重塑我们的生产生活方式，重构全球创新体系和产业格局。《意见》的印发，标志着我国正式全面启动了“人工智能+”新时代。