学术论文LLM生成内容质量评估：技术标准与伦理指南
English Summary. This article provides a comprehensive overview of quality assessment standards for LLM-generated content in academic papers, focusing on technical evaluation criteria, ethical considerations, and practical implementation guidelines for researchers and editors. (中文摘要翻译：本文全面概述了学术论文中LLM生成内容的质量评估标准，重点关注技术评估标准、伦理考量以及研究人员和编辑的实际实施指南。)
For researchers, scholars, and students, navigating the vast ocean of academic information is a fundamental task. Efficient access to high-quality, credible literature is the cornerstone of any successful research project. This guide compiles and introduces a selection of essential academic search engines, digital libraries, and resource platforms from around the globe. These tools, ranging from comprehensive commercial databases to open-access repositories, are designed to streamline your literature discovery process and empower your academic journey.
对于研究人员、学者和学生而言，在浩瀚的学术信息海洋中高效导航是一项基本任务。获取高质量、可信的文献是任何成功研究项目的基石。本指南汇编并介绍了来自全球的一系列重要的学术搜索引擎、数字图书馆和资源平台。这些工具，从综合性商业数据库到开放获取知识库，旨在简化您的文献发现流程，助力您的学术之旅。
Core Academic Search Platforms
1. Google Scholar
Website: https://scholar.google.com/ (Primary) | Alternative: https://xs.glgoo.net/
Launched in November 2004, Google Scholar provides a simple, broad search across scholarly literature. It indexes peer-reviewed articles, theses, books, abstracts, and court opinions from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities, and other websites. Its strength lies in its vast coverage and citation tracking features.
网站: https://scholar.google.com/ (主站) | 备选: https://xs.glgoo.net/
谷歌学术于2004年11月推出，提供了一个简便、广泛的学术文献搜索方式。它索引了来自学术出版商、专业学会、预印本库、大学及其他网站的同行评审文章、论文、书籍、摘要和法庭意见。其优势在于覆盖范围广和引文追踪功能。
2. PubMed & Local PubMed
Website: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ | Local Version: http://www.yuntsg.com
PubMed, developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The "Local PubMed" is a customized platform developed through collaboration, offering enhanced features and integration with other academic search systems. Registration (with a trial period) is typically required for the local version.
网站: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ | 本地版本: http://www.yuntsg.com
PubMed由美国国家生物技术信息中心开发，是一个免费的搜索引擎，主要提供对生命科学和生物医学主题的参考文献与摘要数据库MEDLINE的访问。"本地PubMed"是一个通过合作开发的定制化平台，提供增强功能并与其他学术搜索系统集成。本地版本通常需要注册（含试用期）。
3. Sci-Hub
Real-time URL Aggregator: SCI-Hub Links - YoviSun Toolkit (Note: Use caution and be aware of copyright implications)
Sci-Hub is a controversial repository that provides free access to millions of research papers and articles by bypassing publisher paywalls. Users can search by URL, DOI, PMID, or title. Its legal status is disputed, and access URLs frequently change, hence the need for real-time link aggregators.
实时网址聚合站: SCI-Hub可用链接 - YoviSun工具集 (注意：请谨慎使用，并注意版权问题)
Sci-Hub是一个存在争议的知识库，通过绕过出版商的付费墙，为数百万研究论文和文章提供免费访问。用户可以通过URL、DOI、PMID或标题进行搜索。其法律地位存在争议，且访问网址经常变更，因此需要实时链接聚合站。
4. Library Genesis (LibGen)
Website: http://libgen.is/ (Address may vary)
Often mentioned alongside Sci-Hub, LibGen is a massive repository of scholarly articles, textbooks, fiction, and comics. Its mission is to facilitate the free dissemination of knowledge. It is particularly known for its extensive collection of academic books and recent papers.
网站: http://libgen.is/ (地址可能变动)
LibGen常与Sci-Hub一同被提及，是一个包含学术文章、教科书、小说和漫画的巨大知识库。其使命是促进知识的自由传播。它以其海量的学术书籍和近期论文收藏而闻名。
Major Chinese Academic Resources
5. China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)
Website: http://www.cnki.net/
CNKI is China's most comprehensive and authoritative academic resource platform. It hosts a wide array of databases, including the China Academic Journal Full-text Database, China Doctoral Dissertations & Master's Theses Full-text Database, and databases for newspapers, conferences, and more. It supports advanced search functionalities and is indispensable for research related to China.
网站: http://www.cnki.net/
中国知网是中国最全面、最权威的学术资源平台。它拥有众多数据库，包括中国学术期刊全文数据库、中国博士学位论文全文数据库、中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库以及报纸、会议论文等数据库。它支持高级检索功能，是进行中国相关研究不可或缺的工具。
6. National Science and Technology Digital Library (NSTL)
Website: http://www.nstl.gov.cn/index.html
Operated by the National Science and Technology Library, this platform provides integrated retrieval services for Chinese and foreign journals, dissertations, conference proceedings, reports, patents, and standards. It also offers access to free international academic resources and subject portals. The "Full-text Documents" section is highly recommended.
网站: http://www.nstl.gov.cn/index.html
由国家科技图书文献中心运营，该平台提供中外文期刊、学位论文、会议论文、科技报告、专利、标准等的联合检索服务。它还提供国外免费学术资源和热点门户。重点推荐其"全文文献"栏目。
7. National Philosophy and Social Sciences Literature Center
Website: https://www.ncpssd.org/
Launched by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, this center provides open access to a vast collection of literature in philosophy and social sciences. It includes Chinese and foreign journals, foreign books, and ancient texts, offering online reading and full-text downloads. It serves as a key national platform for humanities and social sciences research.
网站: https://www.ncpssd.org/
由中国社会科学院牵头建设，该中心提供哲学社会科学领域海量文献的开放获取。资源包括中文期刊、外文期刊、外文图书、古籍等，提供在线阅读和全文下载服务。它是国家级的哲学社会科学研究重要平台。
8. National Library Reference and Consultation Alliance
Website: http://www.ucdrs.net/
This alliance integrates resources from hundreds of libraries across China, providing a unified platform for literature search and document delivery services. It boasts massive digital collections, including millions of e-books and journal articles, and handles a high volume of daily requests.
网站: http://www.ucdrs.net/
该联盟整合了全国数百家图书馆的资源，提供统一的文献检索和文献传递服务平台。它拥有海量数字资源，包括数百万电子图书和期刊论文，每日处理大量的文献传递请求。
Open Access (OA) Repositories & Directories
9. Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Website: https://doaj.org/
DOAJ is a community-curated directory that indexes and provides access to high-quality, peer-reviewed open access journals from all disciplines and many languages. It applies strict criteria for inclusion, ensuring the quality of listed journals.
网站: https://doaj.org/
DOAJ是一个社区策展的目录，索引并提供来自所有学科和多种语言的高质量、同行评审的开放获取期刊的访问。它对收录期刊有严格的标准，确保了所列期刊的质量。
10. arXiv
Website: https://arxiv.org/
A pre-print server operated by Cornell University, arXiv is a cornerstone for the rapid dissemination of research in physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, and related fields. Researchers upload drafts before formal peer review.
网站: https://arxiv.org/
由康奈尔大学运营的预印本服务器，arXiv是物理学、数学、计算机科学、定量生物学及相关领域研究成果快速传播的基石。研究人员在正式同行评审前上传手稿。
11. Open Access Library (OALib)
Website: https://www.oalib.com/
OALib provides open access to over 4 million scholarly articles across all fields. It also operates its own peer-reviewed journal. All content is freely accessible and downloadable.
网站: https://www.oalib.com/
OALib提供超过400万篇涵盖所有领域的学术文章的开放获取。它也运营自己的同行评审期刊。所有内容均可免费访问和下载。
12. Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO)
Website: http://www.scielo.org/
Originally established in Brazil, SciELO is a leading open-access platform for scientific publishing in Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and South Africa. It hosts a significant collection of high-quality journals, particularly strong in regional research.
网站: http://www.scielo.org/
最初在巴西建立，SciELO是拉丁美洲、西班牙、葡萄牙和南非科学出版的重要开放获取平台。它收藏了大量高质量期刊，在区域研究方面尤为突出。
University & Institutional Repositories
13. HKUST Institutional Repository
Website: https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology's open-access repository provides access to theses, dissertations, research papers, and technical reports produced by its community.
网站: https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/
香港科技大学的开放获取知识库，提供其社区产生的学位论文、研究论文和技术报告等。
14. Cambridge University Repository (Apollo)
Website: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/
The University of Cambridge's institutional repository preserves and provides open access to a wide range of research outputs from its members.
网站: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/
剑桥大学的机构知识库，保存并提供其成员广泛研究成果的开放获取。
15. eScholarship (University of California)
Website: https://escholarship.org/
This open-access publishing platform for the University of California system provides free, worldwide access to research articles, monographs, and other scholarly materials authored by UC affiliates.
网站: https://escholarship.org/
加州大学系统的开放获取出版平台，向全球免费提供由加州大学相关人员撰写的研究文章、专著和其他学术资料。
(Due to the extensive length of the original list, this guide focuses on introducing the core and most widely-used platforms across different categories. The remaining resources from the original list share similar functionalities with those mentioned above, such as subject-specific databases, regional repositories, and other search aggregators. The key for researchers is to identify the platforms most relevant to their discipline and access needs, mastering their advanced search features to conduct efficient and thorough literature reviews.)
(由于原始列表内容非常广泛，本指南重点介绍了不同类别中核心和最广泛使用的平台。原始列表中的其余资源与上述平台功能相似，例如特定学科数据库、区域性知识库和其他搜索聚合器。对研究人员而言，关键是找到与其学科和访问需求最相关的平台，掌握其高级搜索功能，以进行高效、全面的文献调研。)
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