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微软ThreadX GUIX嵌入式GUI解决方案:安全关键型系统的工业级图形界面

2026/1/24
微软ThreadX GUIX嵌入式GUI解决方案:安全关键型系统的工业级图形界面
AI Summary (BLUF)

This article provides a comprehensive introduction to ThreadX GUIX, Microsoft's industrial-grade embedded GUI solution. It covers GUIX's safety certifications, technical features, development workflow with GUIX Studio, performance capabilities, and its integration within the ThreadX ecosystem. The content highlights GUIX's suitability for safety-critical systems across medical, automotive, industrial, and transportation sectors, detailing its API structure, memory requirements, supported widgets, drawing capabilities, and hardware compatibility. 本文全面介绍了微软ThreadX GUIX嵌入式图形用户界面系统。内容涵盖GUIX的安全认证体系、核心技术特性、与GUIX Studio的开发流程、性能表现及其在ThreadX生态系统中的集成。重点阐述了GUIX适用于医疗、汽车、工业和运输等安全关键型系统的资质,详细说明了其API结构、内存需求、支持的控件类型、绘图功能以及硬件兼容性。

Introduction

In the realm of embedded systems, developing a responsive, reliable, and visually appealing user interface (UI) is a significant challenge. The UI must often operate under stringent resource constraints while meeting rigorous safety and performance standards for industries such as medical, automotive, and industrial control. Azure RTOS GUIX, part of Microsoft's Azure RTOS suite, emerges as a powerful solution designed specifically for these demanding environments. This blog post provides a comprehensive introduction to GUIX and its companion desktop design tool, GUIX Studio, exploring their features, capabilities, and the robust ecosystem they belong to.

在嵌入式系统领域,开发一个响应迅速、可靠且视觉吸引力强的用户界面(UI)是一项重大挑战。UI 通常必须在严格的资源限制下运行,同时满足医疗、汽车和工业控制等行业严苛的安全和性能标准。作为微软 Azure RTOS 套件的一部分,Azure RTOS GUIX 应运而生,成为专为这些严苛环境设计的强大解决方案。本博文全面介绍了 GUIX 及其配套的桌面设计工具 GUIX Studio,探讨了它们的功能、特性以及所属的强大生态系统。

The Express Logic Legacy and the Azure RTOS Suite

A Brief History

The story of GUIX begins with its parent, the ThreadX real-time operating system (RTOS). ThreadX was created by William Lamie (also the original author of the Nucleus RTOS, released in 1990). He founded Express Logic in 1996, and the first version of ThreadX RTOS was released in 1997. Over the years, Express Logic built a comprehensive middleware portfolio around ThreadX, including the FileX file system (1999), NetX TCP/IP stack (2002), USBX USB stack (2004), and finally, the GUIX embedded UI in 2014. In a significant move, Microsoft acquired Express Logic in April 2019, integrating these technologies into its Azure IoT and edge offerings under the Azure RTOS brand.

GUIX 的故事始于其母体——ThreadX 实时操作系统(RTOS)。ThreadX 由 William Lamie 创建(他也是 1990 年发布的 Nucleus RTOS 的原始作者)。他于 1996 年创立了 Express Logic,并于 1997 年发布了 ThreadX RTOS 的第一个版本。多年来,Express Logic 围绕 ThreadX 构建了全面的中间件组合,包括 FileX 文件系统(1999年)、NetX TCP/IP 协议栈(2002年)、USBX USB 协议栈(2004年),最终在 2014 年推出了 GUIX 嵌入式 UI。2019年4月,微软收购了 Express Logic,将这些技术整合到其 Azure IoT 和边缘产品中,并归入 Azure RTOS 品牌下。

The ThreadX Ecosystem: Unmatched Safety Certification

A defining characteristic of the ThreadX suite, including GUIX, is its unparalleled focus on safety-critical certifications. This is not merely a feature but a foundational design principle. The certifications span across the most regulated industries globally:

ThreadX 套件(包括 GUIX)的一个决定性特征是其对安全关键型认证的无与伦比的关注。这不仅仅是一个功能,更是一个基础设计原则。其认证涵盖了全球监管最严格的行业:

  • Medical: FDA 510(k), IEC-62304 Class C, IEC-60601, ISO-14971. (医疗:FDA 510(k), IEC-62304 Class C, IEC-60601, ISO-14971)
  • Industrial: UL-1998, IEC-61508 SIL 4. (工业:UL-1998, IEC-61508 SIL 4)
  • Transport/Railway: EN50128 SIL 4, BS50128, 49CFR236, IEC-61508. (运输/铁路:EN50128 SIL 4, BS50128, 49CFR236, IEC-61508)
  • Aerospace: DO-178B, ED-12B, DO-278. (航空航天:DO-178B, ED-12B, DO-278)
  • Automotive: IEC-61508 ASIL D. (汽车:IEC-61508 ASIL D)
  • Nuclear: IEC-61508. (核应用:IEC-61508)
  • Appliances: UL/IEC 60730/60335. (家电:UL/IEC 60730/60335)

This extensive certification portfolio, achieved through significant investment, makes ThreadX and its components a trusted choice for mission-critical applications, from NASA space probes to automotive dashboards and medical devices.

这一广泛的认证组合是通过大量投资实现的,使得 ThreadX 及其组件成为从 NASA 太空探测器到汽车仪表盘和医疗设备等关键任务应用的可信赖选择。

Deep Dive into Azure RTOS GUIX

What is GUIX?

Azure RTOS GUIX is Microsoft's advanced, industrial-grade GUI solution engineered explicitly for deeply embedded, real-time, and IoT applications. It is a full-featured graphics library that provides everything needed to create modern user interfaces on resource-constrained devices. A key advantage is its tight integration with GUIX Studio, a Windows-based WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) design tool. Developers can design screens, define widgets, and configure themes entirely within GUIX Studio, which then generates optimized, portable C code for the target embedded system.

Azure RTOS GUIX 是微软高级的工业级 GUI 解决方案,专为深度嵌入式、实时和物联网应用而设计。它是一个功能齐全的图形库,提供了在资源受限设备上创建现代用户界面所需的一切。一个关键优势是其与 GUIX Studio 的紧密集成,后者是一个基于 Windows 的所见即所得设计工具。开发人员可以完全在 GUIX Studio 中设计屏幕、定义控件和配置主题,然后该工具会为目标嵌入式系统生成优化的、可移植的 C 代码。

Core Features and Architecture

1. Intuitive and Consistent API

GUIX employs a clean, noun-verb naming convention (e.g., gx_widget_front_move). All API functions are prefixed with gx_, making them easily identifiable. The API is designed to be both powerful and straightforward, promoting a consistent programming model across different widget types and drawing operations.

GUIX 采用清晰的名词-动词命名约定(例如,gx_widget_front_move)。所有 API 函数都以 gx_ 为前缀,便于识别。该 API 设计得既强大又直接,在不同控件类型和绘图操作中推广一致的编程模型。

2. Rich Widget Library

It comes with a comprehensive set of pre-defined, yet fully customizable widgets. This library is compact and efficient, including essentials like:

  • Buttons, Checkboxes, Radio Buttons (按钮、复选框、单选按钮)
  • Sliders, Progress Bars, Circular Gauges (滑块、进度条、圆形仪表)
  • Text Inputs (Single & Multi-line), Prompts (文本输入(单行和多行)、提示框)
  • Lists (Horizontal & Vertical), Scrollbars (列表(水平和垂直)、滚动条)
  • Windows, Icons, Menus (窗口、图标、菜单)
  • Charts (Line Chart), Tree Views (图表(折线图)、树形视图)

它附带了一套全面预定义且完全可定制的控件。该库紧凑高效,包括以下基本组件:

3. Powerful Low-Level Drawing Engine

Beyond widgets, GUIX exposes a robust canvas drawing API for custom graphics. It supports:

  • Drawing primitives: lines, arcs, circles, ellipses, rectangles, polygons, chords, pies. (绘制图元:直线、圆弧、圆形、椭圆、矩形、多边形、弦形、扇形)
  • Advanced features: anti-aliasing, alpha blending, texture/pixelmap filling, image rotation, and scaling. (高级功能:抗锯齿、Alpha 混合、纹理/像素图填充、图像旋转和缩放)
  • Image support: Built-in JPEG and PNG decoding. (图像支持:内置 JPEG 和 PNG 解码。)

4. Event-Driven Model

GUIX follows a popular event-driven programming model. The GUIX thread can suspend when idle, saving CPU cycles. Input from touchscreens (resistive/capacitive) or physical keypads is translated into events and placed into a queue, decoupling driver timing from UI logic.

GUIX 遵循流行的事件驱动编程模型。GUIX 线程在空闲时可以挂起,以节省 CPU 周期。来自触摸屏(电阻式/电容式)或物理键盘的输入被转换为事件并放入队列,从而将驱动程序时序与 UI 逻辑解耦。

5. Memory Efficiency

GUIX is designed for small footprints. For displays with integrated GRAM and self-refresh technology (not requiring a full framebuffer in MCU RAM), the minimum requirements can be as low as 13.2 KB of Flash and 4 KB of RAM. When a canvas (framebuffer) is needed, its size is calculated simply: Canvas RAM (bytes) = width * height * (bits_per_pixel / 8).

GUIX 专为小内存占用而设计。对于具有集成 GRAM 和自刷新技术的显示屏(不需要在 MCU RAM 中拥有完整帧缓冲区),最低要求可低至 13.2 KB Flash 和 4 KB RAM。当需要画布(帧缓冲区)时,其大小计算简单:画布 RAM(字节)= 宽度 * 高度 * (每像素位数 / 8)

6. Broad Hardware Support

GUIX is highly portable. It supports a vast range of color formats (from 1-bit monochrome to 32-bit ARGB) and can be adapted to run on almost any hardware that can drive a graphical display, provided the minimal resource requirements are met. It also supports multi-display configurations.

GUIX 具有高度可移植性。它支持广泛的颜色格式(从 1 位单色到 32 位 ARGB),并且可以适配到几乎任何能够驱动图形显示的硬件上运行,只要满足最低资源要求即可。它还支持多显示配置。

7. Free Resources and Tools

  • Fonts: GUIX includes a set of free TrueType vector fonts and supports converting them to compressed bitmap formats for resource-constrained devices. (字体:GUIX 包含一套免费的 TrueType 矢量字体,并支持将其转换为压缩的位图格式以用于资源受限设备。)
  • Simulator: A Visual Studio 2019 simulator is provided, allowing for full UI development and testing on a PC before target deployment. (模拟器:提供了 Visual Studio 2019 模拟器,允许在目标部署之前在 PC 上进行完整的 UI 开发和测试。)

Introducing GUIX Studio: The Design Powerhouse

GUIX Studio is the secret weapon that dramatically accelerates embedded GUI development. It bridges the gap between UI/UX designers and embedded software engineers.

GUIX Studio 是显著加速嵌入式 GUI 开发的秘密武器。它弥合了 UI/UX 设计师与嵌入式软件工程师之间的差距。

Key Capabilities:

  • Visual Design: Drag-and-drop widgets onto screens, set properties, and define navigation flows. (可视化设计:将控件拖放到屏幕上,设置属性,并定义导航流程。)
  • Theme Management: Create and manage color schemes, fonts, and pixelmaps (images) to define the application's look and feel. (主题管理:创建和管理配色方案、字体和像素图(图像)以定义应用程序的外观。)
  • Code Generation: With a click, it generates all the necessary ANSI C code, including screen definitions, widget trees, and resource tables (fonts, images). This code is clean, portable, and ready to be integrated with the application's business logic. (代码生成:一键生成所有必要的 ANSI C 代码,包括屏幕定义、控件树和资源表(字体、图像)。该代码简洁、可移植,并准备好与应用程序的业务逻辑集成。)
  • Separation of Concerns: The generated code is structured to keep the UI design independent of the application logic. Updating the visual design does not require modifying the core application code. (关注点分离:生成的代码结构使 UI 设计与应用程序逻辑保持独立。更新视觉设计不需要修改核心应用程序代码。)
  • Rapid Prototyping: The VS2019 simulator allows immediate preview and interaction with the designed UI, enabling fast iteration cycles. (快速原型设计:VS2019 模拟器允许立即预览设计的 UI 并与之交互,从而实现快速的迭代周期。)

Showcase: Industry-Specific UI Examples

GUIX is capable of producing sophisticated interfaces suitable for various sectors. The official resources and community showcase examples include:

  • Smart Home: Dashboards for climate control, lighting, and security. (智能家居:用于气候控制、照明和安全系统的仪表盘。)
  • Medical: Clear, reliable displays for patient monitors and diagnostic equipment. (医疗:用于患者监护仪和诊断设备的清晰、可靠的显示屏。)
  • Automotive: Instrument clusters and infotainment system interfaces. (汽车电子:仪表盘和信息娱乐系统界面。)
  • Industrial Control: HMIs for factory automation and machinery control panels. (工业控制:用于工厂自动化和机械控制面板的 HMI。)

Performance and Community

Real-World Performance

Demonstrations of ThreadX GUIX running on platforms like STM32 microcontrollers show exceptionally smooth animations and high refresh rates, a testament to its optimized internal architecture and efficient clipping/drawing algorithms.

在 STM32 等微控制器平台上运行的 ThreadX GUIX 演示显示出异常流畅的动画和高刷新率,这证明了其优化的内部架构和高效的裁剪/绘制算法。

Getting Support

  • Official Source: The code is hosted on GitHub under the azure-rtos organization, where issues can be reported. (官方源码:代码托管在 GitHub 的 azure-rtos 组织下,可以在此报告问题。)
  • Community Forums: Active communities, such as the dedicated GUIX section on the Arm China forum, provide a platform for discussion, Q&A, and sharing resources (e.g., http://www.armbbs.cn/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=12). (社区论坛:活跃的社区,如 Arm 中国论坛上的专用 GUIX 版块,为讨论、问答和资源共享提供了平台。)

Conclusion

Azure RTOS GUIX, backed by the proven ThreadX RTOS and its uniquely certified middleware suite, presents a compelling solution for developers building next-generation embedded devices with graphical interfaces. Its combination of a high-performance, certifiable engine with the revolutionary productivity of GUIX Studio addresses the core challenges of embedded GUI development: safety, efficiency, and development speed. Whether you are designing a medical device requiring the highest reliability or a consumer IoT product needing a polished UI, GUIX provides a professional-grade foundation to build upon.

Azure RTOS GUIX 依托于久经考验的 ThreadX RTOS 及其独特的认证中间件套件,为构建具有图形界面的下一代嵌入式设备的开发人员提供了一个引人注目的解决方案。它将高性能、可认证的引擎与 GUIX Studio 革命性的生产力相结合,解决了嵌入式 GUI 开发的核心挑战:安全性、效率和开发速度。无论您是在设计需要最高可靠性的医疗设备,还是需要精美 UI 的消费类物联网产品,GUIX 都提供了一个专业级的基础来构建您的应用。

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