朱雀二号改进型火箭再创佳绩：液氧甲烷动力升级，成功部署六星入轨

北京时间2025年5月17日12:12，中国商业航天领域迎来一次重要成功。蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司研制的“朱雀二号”改进型遥二运载火箭，在酒泉卫星发射中心东风商业航天创新试验区96A发射工位点火升空。火箭成功将天仪系列共计6颗卫星精准送入预定太阳同步轨道（SSO）一种极地轨道，卫星保持固定地方时过境，适用于需要稳定光照的观测任务。，所有卫星的太阳帆板和天线均顺利展开，标志着此次发射任务取得圆满成功。

北京时间2025年5月17日12:12，中国商业航天领域迎来一次重要成功。蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司研制的“朱雀二号”改进型遥二运载火箭，在酒泉卫星发射中心东风商业航天创新试验区96A发射工位点火升空。火箭成功将天仪系列共计6颗卫星精准送入预定太阳同步轨道（SSO）一种极地轨道，卫星保持固定地方时过境，适用于需要稳定光照的观测任务。，所有卫星的太阳帆板和天线均顺利展开，标志着此次发射任务取得圆满成功。

此次发射不仅巩固了“朱雀二号”改进型的可靠性，也展示了中国民营商业液体火箭在技术迭代和批量发射能力上的快速进步。

This launch not only consolidated the reliability of the “Zhuque-2 Improved” variant but also demonstrated the rapid progress of China’s private commercial liquid rockets in terms of technological iteration and batch launch capabilities.

任务概览与载荷详情

本次发射的主要载荷是由长沙天仪空间科技研究院研制的6颗卫星，它们被部署到太阳同步轨道，将服务于遥感观测和空间科学实验等多个领域。

The primary payloads for this launch were six satellites developed by Changsha Tianyi Space Science and Technology Research Institute. Deployed into a Sun-synchronous orbit, they will serve multiple fields including remote sensing observation and space science experiments.

搭载的卫星具体信息如下：

1. 天仪29（地质一号）：光学遥感卫星。
2. 天仪34（南科大一号）：空间科学实验卫星。
3. 天仪35（南昌航空一号）：光学遥感卫星。
4. 天仪42：微波遥感卫星，配备合成孔径雷达（SAR）一种主动微波遥感设备，通过合成孔径技术实现高分辨率成像，不受天气和光照条件影响。。
5. 天仪45（北邮二号）：空间科学实验卫星。
6. 天仪46（北邮三号）：空间科学实验卫星。

搭载的卫星具体信息如下：

1. 天仪29（地质一号）：光学遥感卫星。
2. 天仪34（南科大一号）：空间科学实验卫星。
3. 天仪35（南昌航空一号）：光学遥感卫星。
4. 天仪42：微波遥感卫星，配备合成孔径雷达（SAR）一种主动微波遥感设备，通过合成孔径技术实现高分辨率成像，不受天气和光照条件影响。。
5. 天仪45（北邮二号）：空间科学实验卫星。
6. 天仪46（北邮三号）：空间科学实验卫星。

这批卫星的多样性体现了“朱雀二号”改进型火箭具备发射多类型、多用途卫星的灵活任务适配能力。

The diversity of this satellite batch demonstrates the flexible mission adaptation capability of the “Zhuque-2 Improved” rocket, which can launch various types of satellites for multiple purposes.

火箭性能与关键技术升级

“朱雀二号”改进型（简称“朱雀二号改”）是一款中型液氧甲烷运载火箭。其基本性能参数如下：

• 箭体高度：47.3米（配备直径3.35米整流罩状态）。
• 箭体直径：一、二级均为3.35米。
• 起飞质量：219吨。
• 起飞推力：282吨。
• 运载能力：500公里太阳同步轨道（SSO）一种极地轨道，卫星保持固定地方时过境，适用于需要稳定光照的观测任务。运力达4吨。

“朱雀二号”改进型（简称“朱雀二号改”）是一款中型液氧甲烷运载火箭。其基本性能参数如下：

• 箭体高度：47.3米（配备直径3.35米整流罩状态）。
• 箭体直径：一、二级均为3.35米。
• 起飞质量：219吨。
• 起飞推力：282吨。
• 运载能力：500公里太阳同步轨道（SSO）一种极地轨道，卫星保持固定地方时过境，适用于需要稳定光照的观测任务。运力达4吨。

相较于2024年首飞的“朱雀二号改”遥一火箭，本次任务的遥二火箭进行了多项旨在提升性能、可靠性和发射效率的关键技术升级：

Compared to the “Zhuque-2 Improved” Y1 rocket that made its maiden flight in 2024, the Y2 rocket used in this mission underwent several key technological upgrades aimed at enhancing performance, reliability, and launch efficiency:

1. 动力系统升级：换装“天鹊12A”发动机

本次任务最核心的改进在于一级动力系统。火箭一级主发动机由遥一使用的“天鹊12”（TQ-12）更换为性能更强的“天鹊12A”（TQ-12A）液氧甲烷发动机。

The most critical improvement in this mission lies in the first-stage propulsion system. The first-stage main engines were upgraded from the “Tianque-12” (TQ-12) used on the Y1 rocket to the more powerful “Tianque-12A” (TQ-12A) liquid oxygen-methane engines.

“天鹊12A”发动机的主要性能提升包括：

• 推力提升：单台海平面推力提升至720千牛（约73吨），比“天鹊12”提高了约9%。
• 比冲提高：比冲提升了约40米/秒（约4秒），意味着发动机效率更高，燃料利用更充分。
• 重量优化：发动机自身重量减轻了约100千克。

The main performance enhancements of the “Tianque-12A” engine include:

• Increased Thrust: Single-engine sea-level thrust increased to 720 kN (approx. 73 tons), about 9% higher than the TQ-12.
• Improved Specific Impulse: Specific impulse increased by approximately 40 m/s (approx. 4 seconds), indicating higher engine efficiency and better fuel utilization.
• Weight Reduction: The engine’s own weight was reduced by about 100 kilograms.

这些改进直接转化为火箭整体运载能力的有效提升。

These improvements directly translate into an effective increase in the rocket’s overall payload capacity.

2. 结构优化与流程简化

除了动力升级，遥二火箭还在结构和发射流程上进行了优化：

• 取消一级氧排放连接器：简化了发射前的地面测试和加注流程，有助于提高发射效率。
• 采用准实时风修正弹道设计技术：增强了火箭在飞行过程中应对高空风切变的能力，提高了入轨精度和任务适应性。

In addition to the propulsion upgrade, the Y2 rocket also underwent optimizations in structure and launch procedures:

• Elimination of First-Stage Oxygen Venting Connector: Simplified pre-launch ground testing and fueling procedures, contributing to improved launch efficiency.
• Adoption of Quasi-Real-Time Wind Correction Trajectory Design Technology: Enhanced the rocket’s ability to cope with high-altitude wind shear during flight, improving orbital insertion accuracy and mission adaptability.

3. 新型复合材料整流罩朱雀二号改进型遥二火箭首次配备的整流罩，直径4.2米、全长8.7米，端头帽采用层压玻璃钢，冯卡门段和柱段为碳纤维夹层结构。首飞

本次任务是“朱雀二号”系列火箭首次配备并使用超大尺寸的复合材料整流罩朱雀二号改进型遥二火箭首次配备的整流罩，直径4.2米、全长8.7米，端头帽采用层压玻璃钢，冯卡门段和柱段为碳纤维夹层结构。。该整流罩直径4.2米，全长8.7米，采用先进的复合材料制造：

• 端头帽：采用层压玻璃钢。
• 冯卡门段和柱段：采用碳纤维夹层结构。

This mission marked the first flight of an extra-large composite fairing for the “Zhuque-2” rocket series. The fairing has a diameter of 4.2 meters and a total length of 8.7 meters, manufactured using advanced composite materials:

• Nose Cap: Made of laminated fiberglass.
• Von Kármán Section and Cylindrical Section: Employ a carbon fiber sandwich structure.

这种复合材料整流罩朱雀二号改进型遥二火箭首次配备的整流罩，直径4.2米、全长8.7米，端头帽采用层压玻璃钢，冯卡门段和柱段为碳纤维夹层结构。在保证强度和刚度的同时，显著减轻了结构重量，并为卫星提供了更大的可用包络空间，极大地提升了火箭的任务适应性，能够容纳更大尺寸或更多数量的卫星。

This composite fairing significantly reduces structural weight while ensuring strength and stiffness. It also provides a larger usable envelope for satellites, greatly enhancing the rocket’s mission adaptability to accommodate larger or a greater number of satellites.

成功意义与行业影响

此次遥二火箭的成功发射具有多重重要意义：

The successful launch of the Y2 rocket holds multiple significant implications:

1. 型号可靠性得到验证：这是“朱雀二号”改进型火箭的第二次成功发射，实现了该型号的“两连胜”。同时，这也是“朱雀二号”系列火箭（包括基础型和改进型）自2023年首次成功入轨以来取得的连续第四次成功，即“四连胜”。连续的发射成功是验证火箭可靠性和成熟度的最关键指标。

1. Vehicle Reliability Validated: This marks the second successful launch for the “Zhuque-2 Improved” variant, achieving a “two consecutive wins” record for the model. Furthermore, it represents the fourth consecutive successful launch for the entire “Zhuque-2” series (including base and improved variants) since its first successful orbital insertion in 2023, a “four consecutive wins” record. Consecutive launch successes are the most critical indicator for validating rocket reliability and maturity.

2. 标志批量发射阶段开启：随着连续成功和性能稳定，“朱雀二号”系列火箭已成为中国首个进入批量发射与交付阶段的民营商业液体运载火箭。这标志着中国商业航天从技术验证期正式迈入规模化、商业化运营的新阶段。

2. Signifies Entry into Batch Launch Phase: With consecutive successes and stable performance, the “Zhuque-2” series has become China’s first privately-developed commercial liquid launch vehicle to enter the batch launch and delivery phase. This signifies that China’s commercial space sector is formally transitioning from a technology demonstration period into a new stage of scaled, commercialized operations.

3. 支撑国家空间基础设施：该型火箭运力适中、成本可控、发射灵活，未来将在中国卫星互联网星座建设、各类商业及科学卫星发射任务中扮演重要角色，成为国家空间基础设施建设的可靠运输工具之一。

3. Supports National Space Infrastructure: With its moderate payload capacity, controllable costs, and launch flexibility, this rocket model is poised to play a significant role in future projects such as China’s satellite internet constellation deployment, as well as various commercial and scientific satellite launch missions, becoming one of the reliable workhorses for national space infrastructure development.

4. 刷新年度发射记录：本次任务是2025年“朱雀二号”运载火箭的首次发射，也是酒泉卫星发射中心的第10次发射、中国的第28次轨道发射，以及全球范围内的第106次轨道发射。这体现了中国航天，特别是商业航天板块，持续保持的高发射节奏。

4. Updates Annual Launch Records: This mission was the first launch of a “Zhuque-2” carrier rocket in 2025. It also constituted the 10th launch from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, the 28th orbital launch for China, and the 106th orbital launch worldwide in 2025. This reflects the sustained high launch tempo maintained by China’s space sector, particularly within the commercial space segment.

展望未来

“朱雀二号”改进型的连续成功，为蓝箭航天后续的运力升级和型号发展奠定了坚实基础。基于已验证的液氧甲烷动力系统和模块化设计理念，未来更大运载能力的型号开发将更具信心。同时，随着发射频率的不断提升和成本的持续优化，中国商业火箭在国际发射服务市场上的竞争力有望进一步增强。

The consecutive successes of the “Zhuque-2 Improved” variant have laid a solid foundation for Blue Arrow Aerospace’s future capacity upgrades and model development. Building upon the validated liquid oxygen-methane propulsion system and modular design philosophy, the development of future models with greater payload capacity will proceed with increased confidence. Furthermore, as launch frequency continues to rise and costs are further optimized, the competitiveness of Chinese commercial rockets in the international launch services market is expected to strengthen.

此次任务的成功，不仅是一次技术上的胜利，更是中国商业航天产业化道路上的一个坚实脚印，预示着更加频繁、可靠、多元的商业发射服务新时代正在到来。

The success of this mission is not only a technical triumph but also a solid step forward on the industrialization path of China’s commercial space sector. It heralds the arrival of a new era characterized by more frequent, reliable, and diverse commercial launch services.

作者：木兰星舟
信息来源：根据公开任务报道及技术资料整理

Author: Mulan Star Voyager
Information Source: Compiled based on public mission reports and technical data.