Gemini系列模型深度解析：谷歌多模态AI的进化之路

产品定义与核心特性

GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video.是由Google DeepMind团队开发的多模态大型语言模型系列。作为原生多模态模型，GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video.能够同时处理文本、代码、图像、音频和视频等多种信息类型，在复杂推理和编程评测中表现优异。

该系列模型支持多种自然语言处理任务，包括文本生成、翻译、摘要和对话生成，并具备强大的中文处理能力。值得注意的是，由于网络限制，中国内地用户目前无法直接访问GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video.官方网站。

GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video.系列包含三个主要版本：

Gemini UltraThe largest flagship model in the Gemini series, designed for maximum performance.：规模最大的旗舰模型
Gemini ProA mid-sized model in the Gemini series, balancing performance and efficiency.：中等规模，平衡性能与效率
Gemini NanoA lightweight version of the Gemini model designed for resource-constrained environments.：轻量级版本，适合资源受限环境

发展历程与版本演进

谷歌于2023年12月首次发布GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video. 1.0系列，包含Ultra、Pro和Nano三个版本。2024年2月，GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video. 1.0 Ultra正式向公众开放并采用收费模式。

技术演进时间线：

2024年2月14日：发布Gemini 1.5 ProA Gemini model released in February 2024 featuring a Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture and a 1 million token context window.，采用MoE架构，支持超过100万tokens的上下文长度
2024年12月：推出Gemini 2.0 Flash ThinkingA Gemini model version released in December 2024.
2025年2月：发布Gemini 2.0 ProA Gemini model version released in February 2025.
2025年3月：推出Gemini 2.0 FlashA Gemini model version with native image generation capabilities, released in March 2025.原生图像生成模型
2025年6月：发布Gemini 2.5 Audio GenerationA Gemini 2.5 series model focused on audio generation, released in June 2025.与Gemini 2.5 Pro Deep ThinkA Gemini 2.5 series model with enhanced reasoning capabilities, released in June 2025.

GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video. 2.5系列在高级推理和多模态理解方面取得显著进展，并计划结束预览阶段，正式向开发者提供服务。

技术架构与核心能力

架构演进

GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video.系列经历了从传统Transformer到稀疏混合专家（MoE）架构的转变。MoE架构由众多小型“专家”神经网络组成，能够根据输入类型激活最相关路径，显著提升模型效率和任务处理能力。

核心能力亮点

多模态融合理解：原生支持文本、代码、图像、音频、视频的融合处理
超长上下文处理：
- Gemini 1.5 ProA Gemini model released in February 2024 featuring a Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture and a 1 million token context window.支持100万token（约1500页文本）
- Gemini 2.5 ProA 'thinking model' in the Gemini 2.5 series with knowledge up to January 2025 and advanced reasoning capabilities.可处理长达3小时的视频内容
复杂逻辑推理：在MMLUA benchmark test (Massive Multitask Language Understanding) where Gemini Ultra scored over 90%, achieving human-expert level.基准测试中达到人类专家水平
代码生成与分析：能够分析和掌握大型代码库
原生工具调用：支持调用Google搜索、Workspace等工具
思考机制：通过强化学习训练的“深度思考”能力

主要版本规格对比

Gemini 1.5 ProA Gemini model released in February 2024 featuring a Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture and a 1 million token context window.（2024年2月发布）

基于MoE混合专家架构
支持100万tokens长上下文窗口
在多模态测试中超越前代版本
具备小语种翻译能力

GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video. 2.5系列（2025年发布）

包含三个主要模型：

Gemini 2.5 ProA 'thinking model' in the Gemini 2.5 series with knowledge up to January 2025 and advanced reasoning capabilities.：“思考模型”，知识截止至2025年1月
Gemini 2.5 FlashA 'hybrid reasoning model' in the Gemini 2.5 series.：“混合推理模型”
Gemini 2.5 Flash-LiteAn experimental version in the Gemini 2.5 series.：实验性版本

所有2.5系列模型都具备原生多模态支持和长上下文处理能力。

商业化与服务模式

2025年10月，谷歌推出面向企业的GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video.订阅服务：

Gemini EnterpriseA subscription service tier for Gemini models targeted at large organizations.：针对大型机构
Gemini BusinessA subscription service tier for Gemini models targeted at small and medium-sized businesses.：针对中小企业

服务特点：

处理多模态内容（文本、图像、视频）
提供预制智能代理
支持自定义AI代理开发
内置ModelArmorA built-in security feature for Gemini subscription services.安全功能

开发者可通过Google AI StudioA platform through which developers can access Gemini API services.、Vertex AIA platform through which developers can access Gemini API services.等平台获取API服务。服务提供免费使用额度，付费订阅分为不同层级，高端订阅可访问Gemini 2.5 ProA 'thinking model' in the Gemini 2.5 series with knowledge up to January 2025 and advanced reasoning capabilities.等模型并解锁智能体模式等专享功能。

技术训练与基础设施

GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video. 2.5系列采用TPUv5pAdvanced Tensor Processing Unit infrastructure used for training the Gemini 2.5 series models.等先进基础设施进行训练，使用大规模、多样化的预训练数据集。后训练阶段结合可验证奖励和基于模型的生成奖励，思考能力通过强化学习训练集成。

性能表现

Gemini UltraThe largest flagship model in the Gemini series, designed for maximum performance.在MMLUA benchmark test (Massive Multitask Language Understanding) where Gemini Ultra scored over 90%, achieving human-expert level.基准测试中得分超过90%，达到人类专家水平
Gemini 1.5 ProA Gemini model released in February 2024 featuring a Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture and a 1 million token context window.在数学、科学和推理方面比1.0 Ultra提升28.9%
在编码能力方面提升8.9%
Gemini 2.5 ProA 'thinking model' in the Gemini 2.5 series with knowledge up to January 2025 and advanced reasoning capabilities.在编码和推理基准测试中表现突出

总结

GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video.系列代表了谷歌在多模态AI领域的最新成果，通过持续的架构创新和功能扩展，在长上下文处理、复杂推理和多模态理解等方面不断突破。随着商业化服务的推出，GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video.正在从技术研究走向实际应用，为开发者和企业提供强大的AI能力支持。

Data Analysis

模型版本	发布日期	核心架构	关键特性/亮点
GeminiA family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind that can process text, code, images, audio, and video. 1.0 (Ultra/Pro/Nano)	2023年12月	传统Transformer	原生多模态；首次发布三个规模版本。
Gemini 1.5 ProA Gemini model released in February 2024 featuring a Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture and a 1 million token context window.	2024年2月14日	稀疏混合专家 (MoE)	支持超100万tokens上下文；小语种翻译。
Gemini 2.0 Flash ThinkingA Gemini model version released in December 2024.	2024年12月	未明确	引入“思考”机制。
Gemini 2.0 ProA Gemini model version released in February 2025.	2025年2月	未明确	性能迭代升级。
Gemini 2.0 FlashA Gemini model version with native image generation capabilities, released in March 2025. (原生图像生成)	2025年3月	未明确	支持原生图像生成。
Gemini 2.5 Pro Deep ThinkA Gemini 2.5 series model with enhanced reasoning capabilities, released in June 2025.	2025年6月	未明确 (基于MoE演进)	“思考模型”；知识截止2025年1月；处理3小时视频。
Gemini 2.5 FlashA 'hybrid reasoning model' in the Gemini 2.5 series.	2025年6月	未明确 (基于MoE演进)	“混合推理模型”；原生多模态。
Gemini 2.5 Flash-LiteAn experimental version in the Gemini 2.5 series.	2025年6月	未明确 (基于MoE演进)	实验性轻量版本。
Gemini 2.5 Audio GenerationA Gemini 2.5 series model focused on audio generation, released in June 2025.	2025年6月	未明确 (基于MoE演进)	音频生成能力。

Source/Note: 根据提供的文本中“发展历程与版本演进”及“主要版本规格对比”部分内容综合整理。