Windows 10自动锁定与屏幕保护程序：工作站安全防护指南

In today's fast-paced work environments, stepping away from your computer is common. However, leaving your workstation unattended and unlocked poses a significant security risk, potentially exposing sensitive data to unauthorized access. Windows 10 provides several robust, built-in methods to automatically secure your PC after a period of inactivity. This guide will walk you through the primary techniques for setting up automatic screen locking and configuring screen savers.

在当今快节奏的工作环境中，暂时离开电脑的情况很常见。然而，让工作站无人看管且未锁定会带来重大的安全风险，可能导致敏感数据被未授权访问。Windows 10 提供了几种强大的内置方法，可以在电脑闲置一段时间后自动将其锁定。本指南将引导您完成设置自动屏幕锁定和配置屏幕保护程序的主要方法。

Why Automatically Lock Your Screen?

The primary purpose of an automatic lock is security. It acts as the first line of defense when you are not physically present to control your device. Once triggered, it requires re-authentication (via password, PIN, or biometrics) to regain access, protecting your work, personal files, and system integrity from casual observers or malicious actors.

自动锁屏的主要目的是安全性。当您无法亲自控制设备时，它构成了第一道防线。一旦触发，就需要重新验证（通过密码、PIN 或生物识别）才能重新获得访问权限，从而保护您的工作、个人文件和系统完整性免受随意查看者或恶意行为者的侵害。

Key Methods for Configuring Auto-Lock

Windows 10 offers multiple pathways to achieve the same goal, catering to different user preferences. The core mechanism involves setting a timer for screen turn-off and system sleep, which upon wake-up, requires a login.

Windows 10 提供了多种途径来实现同一目标，以满足不同用户的偏好。其核心机制涉及设置屏幕关闭和系统休眠的计时器，唤醒时需要登录。

Method 1: Via Screen Saver Settings (The Classic Approach)

This method ties the lock function to the traditional screen saver, offering a visual element.

此方法将锁定功能与传统的屏幕保护程序绑定，提供了一个视觉元素。

1. Open the Search Dialog: Click the search icon (magnifying glass) on the Windows taskbar or press Win + S.
   打开搜索对话框：单击 Windows 任务栏上的搜索图标（放大镜）或按 Win + S。
2. Search for Settings: Type "screen saver" and select "Change screen saver" or "Open" from the results.
   搜索设置：键入“屏幕保护程序”，然后从结果中选择“更改屏幕保护程序”或“打开”。
3. Configure Screen Saver & Lock: In the Screen Saver Settings window:
   配置屏幕保护程序和锁定：在屏幕保护程序设置窗口中：
   • Choose a screen saver from the dropdown menu (e.g., "Ribbons," "Photos," or "None").
     从下拉菜单中选择一个屏幕保护程序（例如“彩带”、“照片”或“无”）。
   • Set the "Wait" time (e.g., 5 minutes). This defines the idle period before the screen saver activates.
     设置*“等待”*时间（例如 5 分钟）。这定义了屏幕保护程序激活前的空闲时间。
   • Crucially, check the box for "On resume, display logon screen." This ensures the PC locks when waking from the screen saver.
     关键，勾选*“在恢复时显示登录屏幕”*复选框。这可确保电脑从屏幕保护程序唤醒时被锁定。
4. Apply Changes: Click Apply, then OK to save your configuration.
   应用更改：单击**“应用”，然后单击“确定”**以保存配置。

Method 2: Through Power & Sleep Settings (The Modern Approach)

This is the more direct method for controlling screen and sleep behavior, which inherently leads to a lock.

这是控制屏幕和睡眠行为的更直接方法，这本质上会导致锁定。

1. Open Windows Settings: Press the Win + I keyboard shortcut.
   打开 Windows 设置：按 Win + I 键盘快捷键。
2. Navigate to Power Settings: Go to Accounts > Sign-in options. Alternatively, you can go to System > Power & sleep.
   导航到电源设置：转到账户 > 登录选项。或者，也可以转到系统 > 电源和睡眠。
3. Set Timers: Under Power & sleep, you will find two key settings:
   设置计时器：在电源和睡眠下，您会找到两个关键设置：
   • Screen: Set the time for "When plugged in, turn off my screen after" and "On battery power, turn off my screen after."
     屏幕：设置“接通电源后，关闭屏幕时间”和“使用电池电源时，关闭屏幕时间”。
   • Sleep: Set the time for "When plugged in, put my device to sleep after" and "On battery power, put my device to sleep after."
     睡眠：设置“接通电源后，设备进入睡眠状态时间”和“使用电池电源时，设备进入睡眠状态时间”。
4. Require Login on Wake-up: In Sign-in options (under Accounts), ensure that "Require sign-in" is set to "When PC wakes up from sleep."
   唤醒时需要登录：在登录选项（账户下）中，确保**“需要登录”设置为“当电脑从睡眠状态中唤醒时”**。

Method 3: The Instant Manual Lock Shortcut

For immediate security, you can manually lock your session at any moment without waiting for a timer.

为了即时安全，您可以随时手动锁定会话，而无需等待计时器。

• Use the keyboard shortcut Win + L. This instantly locks the PC, displaying the login screen. It's the best practice before physically walking away from your desk.
  使用键盘快捷键 Win + L。这会立即锁定电脑，显示登录屏幕。这是在物理上离开座位前的最佳实践。

Analysis: Choosing the Right Method

• For Visual Customization & Habit: If you prefer having a screen saver and are accustomed to the classic Control Panel style, Method 1 is ideal.
  用于视觉定制和习惯：如果您喜欢使用屏幕保护程序并且习惯经典的控制面板风格，方法 1 是理想选择。
• For Simplicity & Direct Control: For most users who simply want their PC to lock after 'X' minutes of inactivity, Method 2 (Power & Sleep) is the most straightforward and recommended approach.
  追求简单和直接控制：对于大多数只是希望电脑在闲置“X”分钟后锁定的用户，方法 2（电源和睡眠）是最直接且推荐的方法。
• For Immediate Action: Method 3 (Win + L) is not automatic but is an essential security habit. It should be used in conjunction with an automatic method.
  用于即时操作：方法 3 (Win + L) 不是自动的，但是一个重要的安全习惯。它应与自动方法结合使用。

Best Practices and Considerations

1. Timeout Duration: Balance security and convenience. A timeout of 5-10 minutes is common for office environments. Shorter times (1-2 minutes) are better for high-security areas.
   超时持续时间：平衡安全性与便利性。在办公环境中，5-10 分钟的超时很常见。对于高安全区域，较短的时间（1-2 分钟）更佳。
2. Password Strength: An automatic lock is only as strong as your login password. Ensure you use a strong, unique password or PIN, or better yet, Windows Hello (biometric) authentication.
   密码强度：自动锁定的强度仅与您的登录密码相当。确保使用强且唯一的密码或 PIN，或者更好的是使用 Windows Hello（生物识别）身份验证。
3. Dynamic Lock: Explore Windows 10 Dynamic Lock (under Sign-in options). It can automatically lock your PC when a paired Bluetooth device (like your phone) moves out of range.
   动态锁定：探索 Windows 10 动态锁定（在登录选项下）。当配对的蓝牙设备（如手机）超出范围时，它可以自动锁定您的电脑。

Implementing an automatic lock is a simple yet critical step in personal and corporate cybersecurity hygiene. By configuring one of the methods above, you can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access to your Windows 10 device with minimal impact on your workflow.

实施自动锁定是个人和企业网络安全卫生中简单但关键的一步。通过配置上述方法之一，您可以显著降低 Windows 10 设备遭受未授权访问的风险，同时对工作流程的影响最小。