This article provides a comprehensive technical analysis of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM), covering their molecular structure, proton conduction mechanisms, key performance parameters, and critical role in PEM electrolyzers for hydrogen production. It details the dominance of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes like Nafion, explains three proton transfer mechanisms (hopping, vehicle, and surface), and examines essential parameters including proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity, tensile strength, water uptake, and swelling rate. (本文全面解析质子交换膜技术,涵盖分子结构、质子传导机制、关键性能参数及其在PEM电解制氢中的核心作用。详细介绍了全氟磺酸膜的主导地位、三种质子传递机理,并深入分析了质子传导率、离子交换容量、拉伸强度、吸水率和溶胀率等关键性能指标。)