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DeepGEMM是什么?它如何优化大语言模型的矩阵运算效率?

2026/4/21
DeepGEMM是什么?它如何优化大语言模型的矩阵运算效率?

AI Summary (BLUF)

DeepGEMM is an open-source high-performance tensor core kernel library from DeepSeek, focusing on optimizing GEMM operations for large language models with efficient FP8 precision and fine-grained sca

DeepSeek 官方在 GitHub 上开源了 DeepGEMM 项目。这是一个专注于高性能计算的张量核心(Tensor Core)内核库,旨在为现代大语言模型提供核心计算原语。该库集成了高效且简洁的 FP8 GEMM 实现,并特别支持细粒度缩放技术,能够显著提升大模型在推理和训练中的计算效率。

DeepSeek has officially open-sourced the DeepGEMM project on GitHub. This is a high-performance computing Tensor Core kernel library focused on providing core computational primitives for modern large language models. The library integrates efficient and concise FP8 GEMM implementations and specifically supports fine-grained scaling techniques, which can significantly enhance the computational efficiency of large models during both inference and training.

核心要点

  • 高性能内核库DeepGEMM 是一个统一的高性能张量核心(Tensor Core)内核库。

    High-Performance Kernel Library: DeepGEMM is a unified, high-performance Tensor Core kernel library.

  • 核心计算原语:专注于大语言模型(LLM)中最关键的计算任务——GEMM(通用矩阵乘法)

    Core Computational Primitive: It focuses on the most critical computational task in LLMs—GEMM (General Matrix Multiplication).

  • FP8 精度支持:实现了高效且简洁的 FP8 GEMM 内核,适应现代硬件加速需求。

    FP8 Precision Support: It implements efficient and concise FP8 GEMM kernels, catering to the demands of modern hardware acceleration.

  • 细粒度缩放:支持细粒度缩放(Fine-grained Scaling)技术,优化计算精度与性能的平衡。

    Fine-Grained Scaling: It supports fine-grained scaling techniques to optimize the balance between computational precision and performance.

技术深度解析

统一的高性能计算框架

DeepGEMM 由 deepseek-ai 开发并开源,其核心定位是为现代大语言模型提供底层计算支持。通过集成统一的张量核心内核,DeepGEMM 能够处理复杂的矩阵运算。作为 LLM 计算的基础,GEMM 的效率直接决定了模型的推理速度和训练成本,DeepGEMM 的出现旨在通过优化内核设计来最大化硬件性能。

Developed and open-sourced by deepseek-ai, DeepGEMM is fundamentally positioned to provide low-level computational support for modern large language models. By integrating a unified Tensor Core kernel, DeepGEMM is capable of handling complex matrix operations. As the foundation of LLM computations, the efficiency of GEMM directly determines a model's inference speed and training cost. The emergence of DeepGEMM aims to maximize hardware performance through optimized kernel design.

FP8 精度与细粒度缩放的结合

在当前的 AI 计算趋势中,FP8(8位浮点数)因其在保持足够精度的同时能显著降低带宽和计算开销而备受关注。DeepGEMM 不仅实现了高效的 FP8 GEMM 内核,还引入了细粒度缩放技术。这种技术允许在计算过程中进行更精确的数值调整,从而在低精度计算中尽可能减少精度损失,确保大模型在高效运行的同时保持输出质量。

In the current trend of AI computing, FP8 (8-bit floating-point) has garnered significant attention for its ability to substantially reduce bandwidth and computational overhead while maintaining sufficient precision. DeepGEMM not only implements efficient FP8 GEMM kernels but also incorporates fine-grained scaling technology. This technique allows for more precise numerical adjustments during computation, thereby minimizing precision loss in low-precision calculations and ensuring that large models maintain output quality while operating efficiently.

关键特性与技术对比

DeepGEMM 的核心价值在于其对现代AI硬件和计算范式的针对性优化。下表对比了其关键特性与传统或通用GEMM实现的主要差异:

特性维度 DeepGEMM 传统/通用 GEMM 库
核心优化目标 大语言模型 (LLM) 的 GEMM 操作 通用矩阵运算
精度支持重点 FP8 高效原生支持,集成细粒度缩放 通常以 FP16/BF16/FP32 为主,FP8支持可能有限或为后期添加
硬件利用 深度优化以利用 现代GPU张量核心 (Tensor Cores) 优化可能更泛化,对张量核心的极致利用可能不足
技术亮点 细粒度缩放 (Fine-grained Scaling) 与 FP8 内核深度结合 可能缺少针对低精度计算的专门精度恢复机制
应用场景 LLM训练与推理的高性能计算原语 广泛的科学计算与机器学习基础运算

行业影响

DeepGEMM 的开源标志着大模型底层算子库的进一步透明化和优化。对于 AI 行业而言,DeepSeek 提供的这一工具能够帮助开发者更有效地利用现代 GPU 的 FP8 计算能力,降低大语言模型的部署门槛。通过提供简洁且高效的内核实现,它为追求极致性能的 LLM 研发团队提供了重要的技术参考和基础设施支持。

The open-sourcing of DeepGEMM signifies further transparency and optimization in the underlying operator libraries for large models. For the AI industry, this tool provided by DeepSeek can help developers more effectively utilize the FP8 computing capabilities of modern GPUs, lowering the barrier to entry for deploying large language models. By offering concise and efficient kernel implementations, it provides crucial technical reference and infrastructure support for LLM R&D teams pursuing extreme performance.

常见问题

DeepGEMM 主要解决什么问题?

DeepGEMM 主要解决大语言模型中 GEMM(通用矩阵乘法)计算的效率问题,特别是针对 FP8 精度下的高性能实现和细粒度缩放支持。

DeepGEMM primarily addresses the efficiency issues of GEMM (General Matrix Multiplication) computations in large language models, specifically focusing on high-performance implementations at FP8 precision and support for fine-grained scaling.

谁可以从 DeepGEMM 中受益?

从事大语言模型训练、推理优化以及高性能计算(HPC)内核开发的工程师和研究人员可以利用该库提升其模型的计算性能。

Engineers and researchers involved in large language model training, inference optimization, and high-performance computing (HPC) kernel development can leverage this library to enhance the computational performance of their models.

常见问题(FAQ)

DeepGEMM主要解决大语言模型中的什么问题?

DeepGEMM专注于优化LLM中最关键的GEMM运算,通过FP8精度和细粒度缩放技术,显著提升大模型在训练和推理时的计算效率,降低部署门槛。

DeepGEMM的FP8精度和细粒度缩放技术有什么优势?

FP8能大幅降低带宽和计算开销,细粒度缩放则可在低精度计算中精确调整数值,减少精度损失,确保大模型高效运行的同时保持输出质量。

DeepGEMM相比传统GEMM库有哪些关键改进?

DeepGEMM专门针对LLM的GEMM操作优化,原生高效支持FP8并集成细粒度缩放,深度利用现代GPU张量核心,为LLM训练推理提供高性能计算原语。

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